THE PELASGIANS… OUR NEIGHBOR.

Many people have tried to explain the meaning of the word Pelasgoi or Pelasgian. We already know the inhabitants of Pelasgia ( Argos capital) were called Danaioi(Argives)  were named after their king Danaus.

 

 

In the historical sources, the Danuna are known by many different names such as Denyen, Danunites, Danaoi, Danaus, Danaids, Dene, Danai, Danaian.

These were the same people who attacked Troy and wrongly considered by the historiography as Hellenes(Greeks).

Danaus, or Danaos ( Δαναός), was a mythological character, twin brother of Aegyptus and son of Achiroe and Belus, a mythical king of Egypt. The myth of Danaus is a foundation legend of Argos, one of the foremost Mycenaean cities of the Peloponnesus. In Homer’s Iliad, “Danaans” (”tribe of Danaus”) and “Argives” commonly designate the “””””Greek””””” forces opposed to the Trojans.

 

 

 

 

Evidently Argeoi, Pelasgjoi, Danaidai, Mykenaoi, Argives, Pelasgos, Pelasgjikos, Pelasgjia, Argolis are interchangeable for each other. They represent the same people and land, the Pelasgians of Peloponnesus originally from Egypt. 

They inhabited a vast territory, mainly Peloponnesus and Epirus. That was the situation before the arriving of the real “Greeks” the Hellenes (Dorians). It’s logical that these Hellenes were just next to the Pelasgians (Danaoi, Argives, and Achaeans) before, and then subdued them. In other words they were neighbors to each other.

Being so, it’s normal that they could have been called our neighbor, by the Hellenes.

Let’s take a look at the word neighbor:

 

 

 

It’s evident that pelas means neighbor, and

 

 

gjë or gja means land.

 

Thus PELASGIA literally means the land adjacent ours, or the neighbor land.

So Pelasgians are the neighbor of the Hellenes (Dorians or Heraclites, an Illyric nation)

Like we can see pelas is not the first correspondent word for the neighbor. The exact correspondent word is GEITON which is pronounced gjiton.

This pronunciation is totally the same with the Albanian word:

 

English (3 entries.)	Shqip (3 hyrje.)
neighbour, neighbor	gjiton / gjitone
neighbour, neighbor	fqinj / fqinje
neighbour, neighbor	komshi / komshie (shumës komshinj)

 

The natural question would be: “Is the above word a loan from Greek”?

 

No. The Albanian word gjiton derives from the adverb ngjitur (in the Gheg dialect ngjit which means near, close by, adjacent to and/or from the adjective e ngjitur which is the same thing.

 

English (18 entries.)	Shqip (18 hyrje.)
adjacent	i/e ngjitur, afër

 

The very source of this word is the Albanian verb ngjis:

 

Attach, close up, bring close to, bring near

ngjis (kr. thj., pj. ngjita, ngjitur)

 

Do we have the correspondent word in ancient “Greek”. Yes we do

 

 

 

The word εγγύς is pronounced engjis.

Its obvious that the source of the word is the Albanian verb e ngjis which forms the place adverb ngjitur or ngjit(in gheg) or ngjitun(in gheg).

 

English (3 entries.)	Shqip (3 hyrje.)
near (adverb)	Pranë, ngjitur
near (adverb)	Afër, ngjitur
next, next to	ngjitur, ngjitur me

 

What is a neighbor?

Neighbor:

n.

1. One who lives near or next to another.

2. A person, place, or thing adjacent to or located near another.

v.tr.

To lie close to or border directly on.

v.intr.

To live or be situated close by.

adj.

Situated or living near another

 

The Ancient Greek language is always seen as a separate branch of IE languages.

That is not true. The truth is as the following:

1. The Ancient Greek is not the language of the Hellenes
2. The Ancient Greek is the language of the Pelasgians.
3. The Ancient Greek is the language of the Pelasgian group of Egypt.
4. Hellenes have spoken originally an Illyrian dialect.
5. Ancient Greek (Pelasgian language) and Illyrian language have the same source (probably the later could be the source of the former).
6. Most of the Hellenes lost their original language.
7. The language of the literature(Attic, Ionic) is a conventional one its not the spoken language.
8. Unlike most of the beliefs that language of the Hellenes evolved in the today Modern Hellenic, I strongly believe that the later one is artificial bastard imitation and morphologically unable to explain the former.
9. Graicoi is not the same with Hellenes, Aristotle is definitely wrong.
10. Graicoi are a mix Semitic-Thracian tribe while Hellenes an Arian migration.
11. Hellenes represent the vanguard of the south Illyrian tribes returning back in the Peloponnesus which was their land before the invasion of the Egyptian Pelasgians. 

PA

Since Ventris “”deciphered”” the Mycenian Scripts nobody was interested anymore for developing some thorough study in the already “known” languages like for ex. Ancient “”Greek””.

Now people who study  the grammar and orthography of the Ancient Greek language is very familiar with certain signs placed over the initial vowel in different words. The linguists already know the meaning of them like ā or ă placed over alfa. According to the linguists they show either a long vowel or a short one. They “explain” also some other strange marks meaning: “the signs placed above the initial vowel indicate the presence of an aspirated sound or the absence of an additional sound”. They are called breathings. In other words breathings always occur over the first vowel sound of a word, and are either hard or soft.

 

They are indicated by either a ‘ or a ` over the first vowel. The former (hard) indicated an aspirated vowel (in other words, pronounce the word as if it began with an English “h” sound. The latter (soft) means there is no “h” sound, and simply pronounce the word as written (Oxcord University Press. ISBN 0-19-514956-4)

Let’s take a look at them:   

 

῾

Aspirate or rough breathing: a sign placed over an initial vowel or initial rho to indicate an initial h-sound

ἥλιος ὁδός

 

Thus among the scientists is very popular the thought that because of that mark the above words are pronounced helios and hodos. To justify that they give the following explanation:

 

In the old Attic alphabet Η or heta represented the h-sound. In the Ionic alphabet, the same symbol represented a vowel, eta, because the Ionic dialect had lost aspirations and had no need for heta.

 

This explanation could be true but it proves exactly the opposite, that because the lost of aspiration the initial vowel doesn’t need an additional aspirated h-sound. It might indicate the presence of another voiceless consonant  before the vowel but never of the h-sound.

Unlike the Attic Greek the Ionic and Aeolic the aspirated h-sound before the initial is totally missing and so they don’t need to insert the sign in writing anymore because it doesn’t correspond the speaking.

I think that the sign doesn’t show the presence of  aspirant h-sound but the presence of the semi-vowel ‘j’ which itself derives from a vowel i.

 

Thus

not helios~~~~~~~~~~~but~~~jelios

not hodhos~~~~~~~~~~but~~~jodhos

not hyllos~~~~~~~~~~~but~~~jyllos

not hellen~~~~~~~~~~~but~~~jellen

 

For example the albanian verb jap=give

 

 

Even today in Cam dialect(old Thesprotian language):

 instead of Helen they use (J)elin, instead of (h)Yll(star) they use (j)ill.

 

Worthy to mention that the Ancient “”Greek”” word for the Horse:

 

is not pronounced hipos despite the fact that it derives from albanian verb të hipësh.

 

jump on, jump into

hipi (kr. thj., pj. hipa, hipur)

 

but j’ipos which is the short form of the Albanian ia(ja) ipësh.

the verb hip in Albanian is the synonim of the word kaloj.

ja hipi=ja kaloj=kërcej= jump on

 

horse

kalë {m} (tr. shq. kali, shumës kuaj)

 

 

 

 

The other sign which is the  mirror sign of the above and according them:

 

᾿

Smooth breathing: a sign placed over an initial vowel to indicate the absence of aspiration; hence, no additional sound

ἄνεμος

 

…to indicate the absence of an additional sound  ??????

 

If so why does the writter need to insert an extra sign above the vowel when simply could let without it?

Because the sign doesn’t mean absence of aspirated sound but the presence of something else.

                                                                                         

To answer this question lets look at the following short dictionary:

 

 

 

What we easily understand is that ἄ indicates un or without. That means that ἄ is privative preposition equivalent to the English un(without).

 

Now let’s take a  look to the Albanian language:

 

English (99 entries.)	Shqip (99 hyrje.)
without	pa
unkindly	pa përzemërsi, pa kënaqësi
unlikely (adverb)	pa të ngjarë (ndajfolje)
unnecessarily	pa qenë nevoja (ndajfolje)
unrelated	palidhur, pa lidhje (mbiemër)
unwise	pa mend (mbiemër
unclear	paqartë
immaturity	papjekuri {f}

 

I think, the sign above a indicates exactly the voiceless p before the word.

 

Ancient Greek:

Albanian

forest

pyll {m}

 

 

Ancient Greek

 

Albanian

unknown

i/e panjohur

 

Ancient Greek

 

Albanian

virgin (adjective)

e paqirë, e paqira(tr.shq)

 

 

Ancient Greek

 

 

 Albanian

 

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)
jobless, unemployed	i/e papunë, pa punë

 

Ancient Greek

 

Albanian

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)
uneducated	pamësuar, paarsimuar

 

Let’s take a look at a complete sentence:

A.G

 

 Albanian

as soon as	sapo, porsa, posa
as far as. . ., as far as. . . is concerned. . .	përsa. . ., përsa qe i përket. . .

 

Now at the end let’s take a look at a very familiar word in the Modern Greek:

up(english)——– (ε)πάνω

 

In ancient Greek we have :

 

 

It obvios that ἄνω is pronounced pano , and this adverb derives from the participle of the Albanian verb see(seen) which is parë or panë(gheg dialect).

 

rhotacism – Gheg has n where Tosk has r

 

 

English (7 entries.)	Shqip (7 hyrje.)
see (verb, p.t., p.p. saw, seen)	shoh (kr. thj., pj. pashë, parë), shof

 

The reason why the word up in Ancient “”Greek”” derives from the word panë(seen) has to do with the simple fact that the objects which are in higher positions are usually easily visible because there is no other things in betwen to ostacle the sight.

 

In  the Gheg dialect which is the mother-language of the An.Greek(Pelasgians) language  the verb inflection  is different from the standart language:

Standart                                                 Gheg                                                Standart

une shoh   (I see)                                 une phana                                         une pashe      (I saw)

ti sheh        (you see)                             ti   phane                                           ti    pe            (you saw)

ai sheh        (he sees)                            ai  phani                                            ai   pa            (he saw)

In Gheg Albanian the root of the word remains the same.

ἄνω is the Albanian word  i/e panë which means visible.

 

 

φ in the Ancient “Greek” represented [pʰ]

 

This is the reason why the Albanian word for invisible i/e papʰare

 

invisible

i/e padukshëm / i/e padallueshëm / i/e paparë

 

 is the same with Ancient Greek word.

 

 

After these undeniable facts about orthography, phonetic and grammar of the Ancient “”Greek”” we must say:

Most of Ancient “”Greek”” words are compound words formed from simple primitive words which are inherited and still alive in an  “”another”” language, in the Albanian language.

Why never heard of that?

BECAUSE:

The ancient history of Europe and Mediteranien is ‘pruned’  from other nations, leaving only Greeks and Romans.

This ‘haircut’ of  the history shows only Greeko-Roman look, thus you are led to believe in wrong, false things and stories. I hope, people who offered us this tabloid, didn’t make that on purpose, but only because of their ignorance and prejudice. I know they didn’t, because they believed the Modern Greeks are the descendents of the ancient ones. Please God forgive them, even if they call my study very revisionistic.

THE FIRST ANCIENT TESTIMONY.

In considering whether the Modern Greek language is a natural descendant of the Ancient one, I have complete confidence in replying in the negative. I have many reasons thinking this.

Althought Modern Greek language is often credited or it often ‘credits’ itself, being a Hellenic dialect continuously spoken in the Greek family hearths, generation after generation, it doesn’t look to me it really happened. It was another place where this language has been continuously spoken: the Church.

Yes it’s been spoken from a limited number of middle class orthodox believers Ottoman families ,  of some high ranking Christian Church clergy and a very small minority of Christian educated [in the best case since the Byzantine Church artificially adopted the Koine (and not the Attic, like some people like to say) language for liturgic purposes. Other than that no one spoke Greek before Greece was a country .

The Koine itself was a semi artificial language, and was spread to the East mostly for liturgics and political and comercial purposes, and never represented the original language of the Hellenes, like it never represented the Hellenes themselves.

The exorbitant fantasy of the theory in which the Modern Greeks are (mostly self-claimed) the descendent of the Delphi religious group (Hellenes), unfortunately is matching no evidence at all.

I have noticed that the theory of the linear descent from Ancient Hellenes  is told and pathetically defended by some people who pretend to be Hellenes, but by all the definition cannot be Hellenes, at least linguistically and genetically.

The similarity between Modern Greek and written Ancient Greek language is considered a mere fact that the former one is just a dialect of the Hellenic. So they believe or try to convince us that besides speaking the Hellenic language, they are the Hellenes themselves. I believe even they would have a difficult time proving both things at once, and I noticed the futility of this excessive fanaticism is pulling unpurposely the two ideas in opposite directions. Another way of phrasing it would be that the excessive propaganda of Greek nationalism-racism has not the same impact as 200 years ago, in the time of western philhellenes.

I cannot, of course, bring on table an entire ‘ocean' of proofs against this theory, but I will flood it with the ‘water' of an entire ‘sea' of evidences.

The second thing to observe in this regard is that we must look beyond the border of the "Greek world". There is a nation there often ignored, neglected where we might find the ‘key', answering the unsolved questions of what we are looking for. This country is called Albania, their people being called Albanians.

May be these people represent now the ruins of a splendid civilization, but their language stands above with all the splendor of the ancient times. This language is called Albanian, the language of the people with perhaps most unknown history in Europe. 

It's always been  used by the Albanians, generation after generation the word: te parët tanë, which literally means: OUR FOREFATHERS, predecessors, ancestors.

Linguistically, it is the definite plural of the i pare that means first. We all know that this numeral which may show itself as a noun, adjective or adverb has an astonishing similarity in all European languages. But the difference between Albanian word i pari=ancestor:

 from the ancient Greek word is only on the suffix

Let's take a look at the Ancient ""Greek"" adjective:

Like easily been seen the word is  πα-λαί  and it is pronounced pale

The word πα-λαί  (pale) is a compound "" Greek"" word from the Albanian:  para(before) and i lash(left).

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)
earlier	{më) parë

 It's been explained before, that the word pare of the Albanian language, has already some very similar cognates in other European languages, but contrary to them, it has an originator verb which in the other languages doesn't exist, the verb PRIN:

English (2 entries.)	Shqip (2 hyrje.)
lead (p.t., p.p. led)	prij (kr. thj., pj. priva, prirë)

  Which when used for the predecessors makes

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)
predecessor	paraprirës / paraprirëse, paraardhës / paraardhëse

Do we have this word in the Ancient Hellenic?

Yes we do:

This word in Albanian has many derivates and among those is the word PRINES=prijës,

English (3 entries.)	Shqip (3 hyrje.)
leader	prijës / prijëse

And princ which has its cognate in English, and almost in every European language:

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)
prince	princ {m}

 I will let the ‘well-known' linguists to decide why an Albanian noun which conspicuously is derived from an unical Albanian verb having the European cognates so identical to it.

But the semantic of the Ancient Greek word is even more interesting.

 Its obvious that leader=prince, but for some people to know is the fact that the word egjemon derives from an Albanian verb e gjëmon=to follow.

For the first word Leader the semantic is: following, finding ( e gjëmon= follows.)

This word Leader derives from the verb lead:

Which itself derives from the Albanian verb

English (5 entries.)	Shqip (5 hyrje.)
find (p.t., p.p. found)	gjej (kr. thj., pj. gjeta, gjetur)

 

That's why Leader in Albanian is a person who leads=find the way

English (3 entries.)	Shqip (3 hyrje.)
leader	prijës / prijëse
leader	udhëheqës / udhëheqëse

 

English (5 entries.)	Shqip (5 hyrje.)
bring close, bring closer	afroj, qas (kr. thj., pj. qasa, qasur)
close up (verb)	afroj, afrohem
near (verb)	afroj, afrohem

 

of the tate = father (king throne)

English (4 entries.)	Shqip (4 hyrje.)
father	atë {m}, tatë {f}, baba {m}

This in plural makes:

English (4 entries.)	Shqip (4 hyrje.)
fathers	atër{m}, etër {m},  baballarë {m}

 And in Ancient """Greek"""

English (2 entries.)	Shqip (2 hyrje.)
Forefather	i pari, i lashti

 Has spoken it before:

English (4 entries.)	Shqip (4 hyrje.)
before	para, para se, përpara se

 

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)
precede	paraprij (kr. thj., pj. parapriva, paraprirë

 

 μῆνιν ἄειδε θεὰ Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος,
the rage of Achilles the son of Peleus sings goddess

The word μῆνιν(anger, madness) is  (mēnin), fury, rage, or wrath, madness.

This word for some ‘strange' reasons is fully present in Albanian in every dialect.

English (6 entries.)	Shqip (6 hyrje.)
anger (noun)	mëri {f}, tr.sh. mëria {f}
anger (noun)	zemërim {m}
rage (noun)	zemërim {m}
madness	çmenduri {f}

Let's make a table of this word in its declension in the two main Albanian dialects:

Case/Definite	English	Tosk/Alb	Gheg Alb
Nominal	the anger	meria	mënia
Genitive		i/e/te/se mërisë	i/e/te/se mënisë
Dative		mërisë	mënise
Accusative		mërinë	mënin-ë
Ablative		prej mërisë	prej mënisë

Rhotacism - Gheg has n where Tosk has r.

This is exactly the word μῆνιν, which comes to us after thousands of years untouched in its accusative case of the noun. 

The other synonim zëmërim is just the a compound word zë(sieze, take)+mëria(anger).

The word mënia is not a Greek loan in Albanian. It's a basic word in Albanian and exactly the word menja(mendja):

English (11 entries.)	Shqip (11 hyrje.)
mind (noun)	mendje {f} , tr.sh mendja {f}

and beside the noun mendja comes in a full "set" of important speech parts in the Albanian language, like verb, adjective, adverb etc

English (5 entries.)	Shqip (5 hyrje.)
think (p.t., p.p. thought)	mendoj, mendohem

Everyone knows that the madness, anger, rage is a mental state when the people loose their mind:

out of one's mind	i/e çmendur
anger (noun)	mëri, zemërim {m}

This is the time when the angry person memorizes the event. 

This is the reason why in Albanian is said vuri ne menje(mendje)-memorized

That's why in Ancient Greek is been used the same word as in Albanian today:

The Albanian word mendja is used by some "Ancient" "Greek" individuals naming some of their babies Mentor (Μέντωρ / Méntōr) which in Albanian means smart, intelligent and capable to be a teacher and adviser:

English (4 entries.)	Shqip (4 hyrje.)
smart	i/e mençur

And derives from an other Albanian adjective:

English (2 entries.)	Shqip (2 hyrje.)
pensive	i/e menduar
thoughtful	i/e menduar, i/e mendueshëm

There is no doubt that Μέντωρ=mendur=menduar, like is out of any doubt that the antonym is crazy=ç-mendur=ç-menduar.

English (6 entries.)	Shqip (6 hyrje.)
crazy	i/e çmendur

This is the word who named Mars -the God of madness in War the counterpart of the ""Greek" God Ἄρης [á.rὲεs]. Mars is portrayed as a mad warrior God eager for quarrel and squabble. That’s why in Albanian is used:

English (6 entries.)	Shqip (6 hyrje.)
crazy	i/e marrë
crazy	i/e marrosur
insanity	çmenduri {f}, marrëzi {f}

Which literally means taken from the basic Albanian verb marr=take.

Now I am not saying anymore that it’s still a mere insanity to believe in Hellenic continuity to the Modern Greeks, but this is a theory without ground, with a false foundation:

English (2 entries.)	Shqip (2 hyrje.)
foundation	themelim {m}
foundation	themel {m} (shumës themele)

Without base:

English (4 entries.)	Shqip (4 hyrje.)
base (noun)	bazë {f}
base (verb)	bazohem (kr. thj.,. u bazova, )

The “tyrannical” idea that every nation is now living in its own paternal ancient homeland its not realistic at all especially in regards to the Modern Greeks, who are a large multinational comunity without a Hellenic core in them, who have existed and exist only inside nationalistic fantasy. The “”overwhelming mere fact”” of their long Hellenic history brought from Greek propaganda, is  apparently  based on false foundation. Their descendnace from the mythic Ancient Hellenes is a proveably unproveable theory.

THE TROJAN WAR AND THE “PURITY” OF A FAMOUS RACE.

Our modern understanding of the “nationality” is a complex one and it is no room to be applied on the people of antiquity. However we will follow a simple rule: Every person is borned with a nationality. This rule also is valid for the people who in Classical Era were called Hellenes. We will start right here, Classical Era. It has been widely accepted that the classical Hellenes were not an uniform body of people, many nationalities were included within the “nation” called Helenes.

Among other many nationalities it has been two mayor distinct groups:

 

1. Pelasgians(which were not proper Hellenes), a pre-Hellenic people which include:

a.    Ionians

b.    Athenians

c.     Aeolians

d.    Islanders

 

  2.   Helenes

            a. Dorians

 

The Dorians (Spartans-Lacademonians) have been always considered alien people by Athenians-Ionians-Achaeans, even during classical or Hellenistic period.

 

Thukydides 1.102

“The Lakedaimonians… afraid of the Athenians, and regarding them even as A NON-RELATED RACE… 

 

They were considered such foreigners, that they were not even allowed to put step inside the temples of the Pelasgians(““Helenic temples””) Gods in Athene and Ionia.

 

Herodotus Book 1: Clio

 

“Lacedemonian stranger, go back and enter not into the temple, for it is not lawful for Dorians to pass in hither.” He said: “Woman, I am not a Dorian, but an Achaian.” So then, paying no attention to the ominous speech, he made his attempt and then was expelled again with the Lacedemonians;

1. Let’s have a look at the pelasgians first

 

Herodotus, Polymnia Book 7

a. The Ionians furnished a hundred ships, and were armed like the Greeks. Now these Ionians, during the time that they dwelt in the Peloponnese and inhabited the land now called Achaea (which wasbefore the arrival of Danaus and Xuthus in the Peloponnese), were called, according to the Greek account, Aegialean Pelasgi, ; but afterwards, from Ion the son of Xuthus, they were called Ionians.

 

Herodotus Urania 8 pg 9

b. The Athenians, when the region which is now called Greece was held by the Pelasgi, were Pelasgians, and bore the name of Cranaans; but under their king Cecrops, they were called Cecropidae.

 

Herodotus, Polymnia Book 7

c. The Aeolians furnished sixty ships, and were equipped in the Grecian fashion. They too were anciently called Pelasgians, as the Greeks declare.

 

Herodotus, Polymnia Book 7

d. The Islanders furnished seventeen ships, and wore arms like the Greeks. They too were a Pelasgian race, who in later times took the, name of Ionians for the same reason me reason as those who inhabited the twelve cities founded from Athens.

 

2. Lets look at the Helenes

 

 

Herodotus, Clio Book 1

 

 

 

Under the authority of Herodotus, its obvious, that among all those people who inhabited “Hellas”, only the Dorians were originally Hellenes, and the others were not.  

So, everything happening in Hellas before Dorian invasion, must not be attributed to Hellenes but to another race: THE PELASGIANS.

The Hellenes must not enjoy the historical credit which belong to Pelasgians.

Now let’s see when did happen the Dorian invasion, which is in right thought the arrival of Helenes.

 PAUSANIAS, Description of Greece 4.3.1

After the conclusion of the Trojan war and the death of Nestor after his return home, the Dorian expedition and return of the Heracleidae, which took place two generations later, drove the descendants of Nestor from Messenia. This has already formed a part of my account of Tisamenus.

 

So the arrival of proper HELENES(Greeks=Dorians) happened two generations later the TROJAN WAR. In right thought, it has been no Helenes participating the Trojan WAR.
                                                                                                  

After this ’shocking’ statement, rightly we should ask:

Who has been fighting against the Troians?

Its obvious that there it has been the Pelasgians who raised the big expedition against the Troians, under the command of Agamemnon.

And the confirmation for that comes from Homerus himself, commented by the famous Athenian writter Thucydites when he speaks about the name of Hellenes:

 

THUCYDITES/History of the Peloponnesian War Book I

Before the Trojan war there is no indication of any common action in Hellas, nor indeed of the universal prevalence of the name; on the contrary, before the time of Helen, son of Deucalion, no such appellation existed, but the country went by the names of the different tribes, in particular of the Pelasgian. It was not till Hellen and his sons grew strong in Phthiotis, and were invited as allies into the other cities, that one by one they gradually acquired from the connection the name of Hellenes; though a long time elapsed before that name could fasten itself upon all. The best proof of this is furnished by Homer. Born long after the Trojan War, he nowhere calls all of them by that name, nor indeed any of them except the followers of Achilles from Phthiotis, who were the original Hellenes: in his poems they are called Danaans, Argives, and Achaeans. He does not even use the term barbarian, probably because the Hellenes had not yet been marked off from the rest of the world by one distinctive appellation.

What are Danaans, Argives, and Achaeans?

These are the same Pelasgians people, originated from the king Dannaus, who came from Egypt and was the brother of Aegyptus. He expelled the Ionians(Herodotus Polymnia Book 9) who were the original Pelasgians, from their native land ACHAIA. He was ruling over the land called Aachia and Argolide, and his capital city was Argos and/or Mycene. 

 

 

The Pelasgians of Egypt differ somehow from the Pelasgians of Greece (Ionians) who are the original Pelasgians and their original home was the coast of IONIAN Sea which includes also Peloponnesus .

The Ionians got their name from the Ionian Sea, which in Albanian is DETI JONE and includes the following gulfs:

 

 

 

Herodotus, Polymnia IX-94…. Now these Ionians, during the time that they dwelt in the Peloponnese and inhabited the land now called Achaea (which wasbefore the arrival of Danaus and Xuthus in the Peloponnese), were called, according to the Greek account, Aegialean Pelasgi, or “Pelasgi of the Sea-shore”; but afterwards, from Ion the son of Xuthus, they were called Ionians.

94. [1] Ἴωνες δὲ ἑκατὸν νέας παρείχοντο ἐσκευασμένοι ὡς Ἕλληνες. Ἴωνες δὲ ὅσον μὲν χρόνον ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ οἴκεον τὴν νῦν καλεομένην Ἀχαιίην, καὶ πρὶν ἢ Δαναόν τε καὶ Ξοῦθον ἀπικέσθαι ἐς Πελοπόννησον, ὡς Ἕλληνες λέγουσι, ἐκαλέοντο Πελασγοὶ Αἰγιαλέες, ἐπὶ δὲ Ἴωνος τοῦ Ξούθου Ἴωνες.

 

 

The Ionians are the Pelasgi of the Sea-shore, Ionian-Seacoast.

The myth of the eponym of the Ionian Sea:

The eponym of the Ionian Sea (whose name was more often, particularly by Aeschylus, attributed to Io’s voyage; previously the Ionian Gulf was thought to have been called the sea of Cronus and Rhea). Ionius was the son of King Adrias of Illyria who gave his name to the Adriatic. Ionius was also said to have been a son of Dyrrhachus of the town of Dyrrhachium (modern Durrës). When Dyrrhachus was attacked by his own brothers, Heracles, came to his aid, but in the fight the hero killed his ally’s son by mistake. The corpse was cast into the sea, which thereafter was called the Ionian sea.

 

 

The Etymology

Deti Jon (Greek Ιóνιo Πέλαγoς, Italian Mar Ionio)

 In Albanian Deti JONE means OUR SEA

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

English (2 entries.)	Shqip (2 hyrje.)
our	jonë/ynë , tonë

 

Now let’ss return to the Pelasgians again.

AESCHYLUS The Suppliants, Part V

THE KING OF ARGOS
For that, take heart and answer without fear.
I am Pelasgus, ruler of this land,
Child of Palaichthon, whom the earth brought forth;
And, rightly named from me, the race who reap
This country’s harvests are Pelasgian called.

 Argives are the citizens of Argos who changed the name to Dannaoi according to an order given from Dannaus, their king:

STRABO 008.006.009

The acropolis of the Argives is said to have been founded by Danaüs, who is reputed to have surpassed so much those who reigned in this region before him that, according to Euripides,”throughout Greece he laid down a law that all people hitherto named Pelasgians should be called Danaans.“ {358} 

 

 

 

What are the Hellenes mentioned by Homer then?

Homer, The Iliad 2.681
“Now all those who dwelt about Pelasgian Argos, those who lived by Alos and Alope and at Trakhis, thos who held Phthia and Hellas the land of fair women, who were called Myrmidones and Hellenes and Akhaians, of all these and their fifty ships the lord was Achilleus.”

These Hellenes are just a very small Pelasgian tribe who joined the Myrmidons of Achiles in the expedition against Troy.

What are the Myrmidons(milmigones) of Achilles?

They are the inhabitant of the small island Aegina and according the myth they were converted from ants to humans by Zeus himself.

STRABO 008.006.016

It is said that the Aeginetans were called Myrmidons,–not as the myth has it, because, when a great famine occurred, the ants {385} became human beings in answer to a prayer of Aeacus, but because they excavated the earth after the manner of ants and spread the soil over the rocks, so as to have ground to till, and because they lived in the dugouts, refraining from the use of soil for bricks.

Aeacus was the father of Pelleus and Tellamon who were respectively the fathers of legendary heroes Achiles and Aiax. So Achiles was not originally from Thessaly (like wrongly is beleived or propaganded) but from a small island AEGINA, beside Peloponessus.

 

 

 

Now let’s return back to Hellenes again. What did happen to them?

What was their original nationality?

We already explained that only the Dorians which in mythology took the name from Dorus(“son” of Helenus) are the proper Helenes. However , the truth is that before invading Pelasgia(Greece) their king was Aegimus (pronounced AGIM-us which in albanian means sunrise)

 

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)
sunrise	agim {m}

He had three sons Ὑλλυς, Παμφύλυς, and Δυμανάὶ who gave their name to the three Dorian tribes.

The three main DORIAN tribes
Ὑλλέας καὶ Παμφύλους καὶ Δυμανάτας,
Hylleis(or HYLLYNOI), Pamphyloi, and Dymanatai

It is out of dispute that the MOST important tribe was HYLLINOI which in reality represents the descendents of HERACLES himself, the most legendary “””””Greek”””””” hero.

 

Hyllus was the son of Heracles and either Deianira or Melite. Heracles had helped Aegimius in his battle with the Lapiths, and in gratitude Aegimius offered him a third of his land. Heracles declined the offer, and to show his gratitude, Aegimius adopted Hyllus after Heracles died. As an adult Hyllus killed both Sthenelus, king of Mycenae, and his son, Eurystheus, king of Argos. He and Aegimius’ other two sons, Pamphylus and Dymas, gave their names to the three Dorian tribes: the Pamphylii, the Dymanes, and the Hylles.

Ὑλλυς  [(h)yll-us]———-in albanian language means YLLI=the star

 

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)
star (noun)	yll {m} (tr. shq. ylli, shumës yje)

Where these HERACLIDES(Hyllinoi or Bulliones) originated from??

 

 The answer comes from Pseudoskylax, the famous “”Greek”” historian 6-4 century BC who has given a very beautiful description of the people inhabiting Europe.

 PSEUDOSKYLAX The description of EUROPE 22

22….The barbarians called Lotus-eaters are the following: Hierastamnai, Boulinoi (Hyllinoi), coterminous with Boulinoi the Hylloi. And these say Hyllos son of Herakles settled them: and they are barbarians. And they occupy a peninsula a little lesser than the Peloponnese. And Boulinoi are an Illyric nation.

 

Therefore the descendents of Heracles and the MAIN DORIAN TRIBE was an ILLYRIC TRIBE.

 

This means that the PROPER HELENES are an ILLYRIC NATION.

What happened to the Pelasgians then?

STRABO 009.001.007
But after the return of the Heracleidae and the partitioning of the country, it came to pass that many of the former inhabitants were driven out of their homelands into Attica by the Heracleidae and the Dorians who came back with them.

 

That means that the Pelasgians of Greece (Dannaoi) were subdued by these Dorians(an Illyric people). Also it means that these Dorians who gave to Hellas(former Pelasgia) and the whole world the splendor of classical-“Hellenistic” period were just an ILLYRIC people who are called from Herodotus a branch of the Pelasgians:

 

Herodotus (I, 57-58.)
“The Hellenic race has never, since its first origin, changed its speech. This at least seems evident to me. It was a branch of the Pelasgic, which separated from the main body, and at first was scanty in numbers and of little power; but it gradually spread and increased to a multitude of nations, chiefly by the voluntary entrance into its ranks of numerous tribes of barbarians.

 

These “Helenes” who originated from Illyria and were an Illyric tribe, was a branch of Pelasgians, therefore the Illyro-Epirotic tribes were Pelasgians too. It brings us to a very important conclusion:

 

It has never happened a “”Greek”” migration, and the so called Hellenes was not any distinct indo-europian mayor tribe, but just an Pellasgo-Illyrian one.

 

These Helleno-Pelasgians of the continent subdued the Argivo-Dannaoi-Pelasgians of Hellas, retaliating for the Troyans who were their brothers (originally from Dardania-an Illyric nation). They took vengeance for the Phrygian too (another nation related to Illyrians, originally the BRYGI, an Illyric tribe) who suffered the destruction of their land Phrygia(allie of Troyans) by Egypto-Dannaoi Pelasgians of Agamemnon.

There is nothing “Hellenic” in Ancient Hellas, it is just a mythical name borrowed from the “darkness” of antiquity, to create a new nation the modern Hellenes.

THE GOD WHO READS HIS LESSONS.

The confusion created in certain terminology especially those used in theology and religion is leading the linguists  in the wrong direction sometime. One of them is the word GOD.

God Our Saviour (No. 198) The identity of the Saviour is often confused among the Christians.The bible seems to identify both Christ and God as the Saviour.

 

What about the Ancient “”Greeks””.

 

 

 

                  as a title of God: Poseidon Soter

                   any heroized leaders of Hellenistic dynasties, see hero cult

                   as a title of liberators : Ptolemy I Soter Antiochus I Soter Demetrius I Soter Menander

                   a title of Jesus, most particularly in the Pope Soter

Therefore the word sotër(zotër) in Ancient Greek , doesn’t mean simply saviour. It means God, Deity, Lord, King etc

What about the Albanian?

English (8 entries.)		Shqip (8 hyrje.)(ALBANIAN)
God		zot {m} (shumëszotër), perëndi
deity	zot {m} (shumës zotër), perëndi
divinity	të qenit zot
divinity	zot {m} (shumës zotër), perëndi
lord	zot {m}
gentleman (plural gentlemen)	zotëri {m} (tr. shq. zotëria,zotërinj)
master (noun)	zotëri {m}, zotërues / zotëruese

 What a huge coincidence!!!

Therefore in Albanian it means exactly the same thing/s like the Ancient Greek, with only the difference that Z is used instead of S, which of course doesn’t make a mayor difference, since those are equivalent consonants:

Voiceless consonant (surd)	Voiced equivalent
[s] (sip)	[z] (zip)

The noun ZOT himself in Albanian derives from the verb zotëroj

English (5 entries.)	Shqip (5 hyrje.)
dominate	zotëroj, mbizotëroj
master (verb)	zotëroj
own (verb)	zotëroj
possess	zotëroj
control (verb)	zotëroj

Let’s look at the word GOD in the dictionary:

How does the God is seen in the ancient times from the “”””””Greeks””””””?

The God has been seen as an instructor, a counseler, a divine voice, a speaker of the divine counsel, of the Nature Laws.

Who is the most ancient God of the Divine counsel?

Her name was :

In “””Greek “”” mythology, Hesiod mentions Themis (Greek: Θέμις). Themis (meaning “law of nature” rather than “human ordinance”), she “of good counsel,” was the embodiment of divine order, law and custom

In this role, she was the divine voice (themistes) who first instructed mankind in the primal laws of justice and morality, such as the precepts of piety, the rules of hospitality, good governance, conduct of assembly, and pious offerings to the gods.

And of course these instructions/ counseles/ advises/ suggestions is given speaking, saying, reading.

So the the God in Ancient “”Greek”” is seen as a teacher who teachs/says the rules to the humans

Her instructions were SPOKEN,  by SPEECH, or SAYING

English (4 entries.)	Shqip (4 hyrje.)(ALBANIAN)
say (p.t., p.p. said)	them (kr. thj., pj. thashë, thënë)

The verb inflection in Albanian is :

I say- them                      we say– themi

you say - thua                  you say– thoni

 he/she says- thote            they say- thone

 And the participle becomes thënë

In other tenses the inflection is even more radical but always we can find the th in the steam usually followed by a, e, o, or u and then by m, t, or n or even s.

God , a Being with perfect knowledge on all things – is willing to communicate and transmit His knowledge

This word  is the reason why the God in Ancient “Greek” is called Theos because he is somebody who talks/speaks/teachs to the human the laws of the nature.

This word is the reason why the most ancient God of the Egyptians is called THOTI,

 

THOT the GOD of the Wisdom and Writing

This verb in its participle is the reason that Athena ( Ἀθηνᾶ, Athēnâ, or Ἀθήνη, Athḗnē) which is the correspondant God of the Wisdom

English (6 entries.)	Shqip (6 hyrje.)
say (p.t., p.p. said)	them (kr. thj., pj. thashë, thënë)
saying	thënie {f}, e thënë {f} (emër)

Athene the God of Wisdom , Philosophy  Speech

 as  Philosophy who was delivering to the humans her Wisdom and the LAWS of the Nature and Philosophy through her SPEECH:

English (3 entries.)	Shqip (3 hyrje.)
law (noun)	ligj{m}
speech	ligjëratë {f}

 We also have the word λογος (logos) which means “word”. In Greek philosophy, the Logos was the “rational principle”(LAWS) responsible for order in the Universe.

Ἀthēnâ literatelly means PATHENA= Not said (would be explained another time)

The Nature Laws in antiquity were proclaimed said or red  from the Gods/Prophets in their speechs/readings.

Which in Albanian has survived in the word:

English (2 entries.)	Shqip (2 hyrje.)
read (p.t., p.p. read)	lexoj (kr. thj., pj. lexova, lexuar)

or

account for

(jap) llogari, shpjegoj

or

explain	shpjegoj
instruct	mësoj, shpjegoj, sqaroj

 Of course some people who still believe that the Modern Greeks are the descendents of the Ancient ones would pretend that these are coincidences. Some other would pretend that those above must be related with the similarities within the IE languages.

The confusion, the ‘fog’ created from Byzantine Orthodoxy and its numerosly artificially elaborated language: the Modern Greek, based only on some scholastic concepts(reflected in the language also), ‘covered’ by ‘divine mystery’ is temporary. Even the diabolic artificial incorporation of the Ancient Greek words in the body of the Modern Greek language has not ‘escaped’ not seen by the public attention. The truth prevails after all always.   

The falsification of the inscriptions in the “”Greek”” Corpus of Epigraphy?

Searchable Greek Inscriptions

A Scholarly Tool in Progress

The Packard Humanities Institute

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It is out any doubt not SIMIA LEKISKOI but FIMIA XIYNEPON(FIMIA HYJNERON)= The child deifies

 

The child is deified, let it be for the good.

The Knowledge, the boiling Sun, the Sacred Goat, the Day and much more, all in one Zeus

 The names origin and the functions of  the ancient Gods have been always a debatable issue among the linguists, especially because they are related with nacionalistic feeling and the delicate problem of the different people’s religions.

 

 

 

Let’s analyze some of them.

The God is seen from different cultures as the following:

 The God in any religion is called the most KNOWLEDGEABLE. In Ancient “”Greece”” DIA(ZEUS) was the most powerful God because of that: his/her Knowledge.

English (6 entries.)	Shqip (6 hyrje.) (ALBANIAN)
know (p.t., p.p. knew, known)	di (kr. thj., pj. dita, ditur), e di

English (2 entries.)	Shqip (2 hyrje.)
knowledge	dije {f} (tr.sh. dija)

 

In Ancient “”Greece””  AMALTHEIA(Αμαλθεια) or AMALTHIA (Αμαλθια) was the she-goat

 

 . ..τὴν μέν τε λόγος Διὶ μαζὸν ἐπισχεῖν… 

(or, according to some, Nymph ) nurse of the god Zeus who nourished him with her milk in a cave on Mount Ida in Krete .

α——–a(â)

Standard form	Tosk form	Gheg form	Translation
është	është	âsht /osht/ â	is

μαλ——————mal

English (6 entries.)	Shqip (6 hyrje.) (ALBANIAN)
mountain	mal {m} (tr. shq. mali, shumës male)

θια———thiia~dhia

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)(ALBANIAN)
goat	dhi {f} tr. shq. dhia

She is the mountain goat.

The Zeus himself was called Δία–Dhia

Zeus’ attributes are the eagle (king of birds; Zeus’ messenger) and lightning. Homer’s Iliad calls him “Zeus who thunders on high” and  “the Thunderer,” Δία δ’ οὐ λάθε τερπικέραυνον*:

  

Now let’s see where is this place where ZEU ‘exhales’ his ‘anger’.

At the north the region begins with the Acroceraunian mountains, (which the Roman poet Horace mentioned as “infames scopulos Acroceraunia”). Then from the Llogara national park(ALBANIA) the “thunderbolts mountains” (locally called malet e vetetimes) (Iapygie ou Iapourie[malet e laberisë]-Pouqueville).

 

 

 

KERAUNE=ke + ra(u)ne~qe rane=qe rane(bien) vetetimat(rrufete).

 

 

 

 Albanian flag with Zeus the thunderer

 The bird in the middle is a EAGLE.

He [Zeus] made him the eagle  king of all birds and gave him the task of guarding his sacred sceptre.

         

 

 Above Albanian flag the helmet of Scanderbeg-Pyrrhus-Alexander all carrying the symbol of sacred GOAT of ZEUS, and Albanian flag with twoheaded Eagle symbol of Zeus (east-west)

 Zeus has been at all the times simbolizing the SUN and  the Indo-European ancestor of Zeus was a God of the bright daytime sky *Dieuo and *deiuo (”the day time, a shining sky”) or a sunny day. 

 

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)(ALBANIAN)
sun	diell {m}

 

DIELLI in Albanian means sun, ZEUS and SUN

 

 

 

English (5 entries.)	Shqip (5 hyrje.)
day	ditë {f} (tr. shq. dita, shumës ditë)

 The knowledge is definetely related to the word ‘day’ or ‘light’ and the source of it is the ’sun’ which burns. The opposite of it the ignorance is related with the ‘dark’ and the ‘night’.

dija (knowledge)- dita(day) -drita(light)–dielli(sun)–digjet(burns)

ignorance=darkness=night

 Homer, Iliad 16.200

 

Ζεῦ ἄνα* Δωδωναῖε Πελασγικὲ τηλόθι ναίων

Δωδώνης μεδέων δυσχειμέρου*, ἀμφὶ δὲ Σελλοὶ

σοὶ ναίουσ’ ὑποφῆται ἀνιπτόποδες χαμαιεῦναι**,

ἠμὲν δή ποτ’ ἐμὸν ἔπος ἔκλυες εὐξαμένοιο*,

τίμησας μὲν ἐμέ, μέγα δ’ ἴψαο λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν,

ἠδ’ ἔτι καὶ νῦν μοι τόδ’ ἐπικρήηνον ἐέλδωρ:

αὐτὸς μὲν γὰρ ἐγὼ μενέω νηῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι**,

ἀλλ’ ἕταρον πέμπω πολέσιν μετὰ Μυρμιδόνεσσι

“Zeus, king, lord of Dodona, Pelasgian,
you who live far off, ruling cold Dodona,
around whom live the Selli, your prophets, 280
with unwashed feet, who sleep upon the ground,
you heard me when I prayed to you before.
You gave me honour then by striking hard
at the Achaean army. So grant me now
what I still desire. I intend to stay
beside this group of ships, but I’m sending out
my comrade and my many Myrmidons. [240]

In Homer we meet the noun Zeus in its nominal  O Ζεῦ~zeu

 

 

 

English (4 entries.)	Shqip (4 hyrje.)(Albanian)
boil (verb) boils (he)	ziej (kr. thj., pj. zieva, zier) zien (ai)

 

 

The truth is that ἄνα in Albanian is very similar to nana which means mother(nënë~nana) or ama.

 

English (6 entries.)	Shqip (6 hyrje.)
mother	nënë {f}
mother	mami {m} (tr. shq. mami), mama {f}
mother	amë {f}, ëmë {f}, mëmë {f}

 I strongly beleive that the pre-Dorian ZEUS has been a Goddes called DIONE-Diônê

Dione was described as “the temple associate” of Zeus at Dodona.

 

 

 Zeus in Pelasgian Mythology was a female and Achiles in his prayer made to Zeus was beging the female GOD :  Goddess  DIA .

2.APOLLO

Homer mentions in the Odyssey an oracle delivered by Apollo upon Parnassus. Besides it must be observed, that at the epoch when the temple of Delphi was founded,, the new cult, presented to the Greeks under the name of the universal Olen, tended to unite Apollo and Diana, or the sun and the moon, under the same symbolic figure, and to make of it only one and the same object of adoration, under the name of Œtolinos, that is to say, Sun-moon. 

Delphi is in fact the temple of the Sunrise and the Sunset of the SUN(APOLLO) (orienting its axis to align with midsummer sunrise and midwinter sunset) which in Albanian is :.

 

After the vowel treatment and other ethymological work we have

 

DELPHOI~ del+phoi ~del+boi ~ del+bi

Del (alb)—-sunrise

bi(e)~bi ( alb)—–sunset

Apollo is often confused with Zeus about the priviledge of being the SUN-GOD.

We already know about an island called DEL-os in cyclades Greece which is called “THE ISLAND OF THE SUN”.
The island of Delos (Greek: Δήλος, Dhilos), isolated in the centre of the roughly circular ring of islands called the Cyclades, near Mykonos, is one of the most important mythological, historical and archaeological sites in Greece.

The island is famous for the great numbers of sun-days during the year.

Delos, in Ancient Greek, means clear, brought to light. The beautiful myth states that, Delos, the island of sun, appeared from Amid waves when Leto, who was being pursued by Hera, took refuge there and brought Apollo and Artemis into the world.

The birth of Apollo, the god of sun, on this island, is undoubtedly related to the morphology of Delos.

in greek the word is (h)eli(os)[ήλιος], in albanian (d)ielli basicly the same root.
Apollo was the god of the clear light and the sun.

Also every albanian knows that we have the word ylli=the star is very similar to ‘ilios’(h^elios) which is the Greek word for the sun.

In Greek mythology the sun was personified as Helios (pronounced /ˈhiliˌɑs/) (Greek: Ἣλιος,)

English (3 entries.)	Shqip (3 hyrje.)
star (noun)	yll {m} (tr. shq. ylli, shumës yje)

All the above Gods in Albanian were called HYJNI which derives from YJE~stars

English (2 entries.)	Shqip (2 hyrje.)
deity	hyjni (shumës hyjni), hy {m} (tr. shq. hyu, shumës hyj)

 We all know that the sun is a normal star but differently to the night stars it is seen as the DAY STAR which in Albanian is DIELLI=DI(day)+ELLI(star).

Few paragraphs above we explained that the name DEL-os which is the place where Apollo was ‘borned’ derives from Albanian verb Del (third person),which describes the SUNRISE

English (Only one entry.)	Shqip (Vetëm një hyrje.)
arise (p.t., p.p. arose, arisen)	dal (kr. thj., pj. dola, dalë)

But in Albanian we have another synonim which shows the Sun rising- Dielli lind

English (3 entries.)	Shqip (3 hyrje.)
give birth	lind, pjell (kr. thj., pj. polla, pjellë)

the Albanian verb lind(the sun){ le} is also a possible suggested root of the noun ( Έλλην [ˈelin] Greek which literally means people of the sun.

lind and pjell (p.t polla, polli ) are synonims to each-other. This last one is the root of the noun APOLLO.

So APOLLO in Albanian means: He who always arises or is borned. This “primitive” meaning which describes the ‘life’ of the sun who ‘dies’ in the evening, and rises (lind-poll) in the morning is very beautiful. It is a good example that the history has not died in the ’shadow’ of mount Athos but it is reborned like the sun by the help of the knowledge and our wish for not forgeting the past because we dont want to loose the future. By the way the English verb born derives from Albanian verb bo ( participle borë ) which is gheg dialect of the official bëj,

English (91 entries.)	Shqip (91 hyrje.)
do (p.t., p.p. did, done)	bëj (kr. thj., pj. bëra, bërë)
make (p.t., p.p. made)	bëj (kr. thj., pj. bëra, bërë)

which is another synonim for the verb lind=born.

 

 

 

 

THE FATHERS CALL FOR THE TRUTH.

The people are interested to know the ethymology of the words sometime, or anytime if you are a person who likes the languages and their origin. So it’s natural to open an Etimology Dictionary(usually to take the wrong information). So did we, being interested for the word ethnic, we opened the ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARY:

 

ethno-  

comb. form of Gk. ethnos “people, nation, class” (see ethnic), used to form modern compounds such as ethnology (1842, by J.S. Mill) and ethnocentric, 1900, which was a technical term in social sciences until it began to be more widely used in the second half of the 20th century.

 

Felt a little bit surprised, because we found nowhere an etymological explanation of the word ethnos(which we already know the meaning, just asked for etymology of the word) we continued our search. So far so good,

 

ethnic  

c.1375, from Scottish, “heathen, pagan,” and having that sense first in Eng., from Gk. ta ethne, used in Septuagint translation to render Heb. goyim, pl. of goy “nation,” especially of non-Israelites, hence “Gentile nation.” Ta ethne is from Gk. ethnos “band of people living together, nation, people,” prop. “people of one’s own kind,” from PIE *swedh-no-, suffixed form of base *s(w)e- (see idiom). Sense of “peculiar to a race or nation” is 1851, return to the word’s original meaning; that of “different cultural groups” is 1935; and that of “racial, cultural or national minority group” is Amer.Eng. 1945. Ethnicity is from 1953; ethnic cleansing is from 1991.

 

At this point we are stunned. Ethnos –according to the “proffesional linguists”-derives from PIE *swedh-no-, suffixed form of base *s(w)e.

This ridiculous explanation, like the most of them in the Etymology WORLD (especially those related with “Greek” origin) made us performing a research for the origin of the word ethnos or ta ethne.

 

We all know that historically all the ethnic groups, all the nations, all the tribes have a common predecessor  or a common father.

Since the word ethne comes from the Ancient “Greek” World(or better saying Pelasgian) we have to show some examples from this World.

 

The tribe of HERACLIDES was called so because of Heracles(Hercules) their FATHER.

The tribe of AECIDES was called this way because of Aecus(of Aegina) their father, their founder

The tribe of DORIANS was called this form because of Dorus, their founder and predecessor.

 

The examples are infinite, and we all know the importance of the FATHER during the creation of the ethnic group, the tribe, the race, the nation in the most of IE tribes. The father is at the same time the LIDER and the GENETIC creator.  His sperm is the GENETIC code biologocially descended in the all incoming generations.

Since we are talking about the Ancient “Greeks” lets have a look to the Ancient Greek-English Dictionary to confirm what we said above:

 [IMG]http://i25.tinypic.com/10e4fis.jpg[/IMG]

 

 

 

It is obvious that the English words race, tribe, nation correspond to the “Greek” words genos, ethnos, sperma.

The last one denotes the biological relation  of the male, or the father founder with the tribe itself. Let see now how do the Europians today pronounce FATHER, in their respective languages:

atë(alb)

πατέρας(new greek)

father(eng)

отец(Russian)

padre(ital)

vater(german)

vader(dutch)

pater(mycenian)

padre(Spanish)

 

It is very understandable that the ROOT of this word for all the Europian languages is AT(e). In some of them we have a transformation from t –d but this is very normal since d is the voiced correspondent of the voiceless consonant t.

 

 

 

Also another small difference from language to language is the using of o instead of a in some of them. The truth is that in all of them are using similar vowel 

 

ɔ/ɑ

Open-mid back rounded vowel

pawed 2

 

 

or 

ɑ/ɑ

Open back unrounded vowel

bra

 

which actually dont make any essential leksical difference.

 

Even within Albanian language we have ɔt(gheg) or ât or at(tosk) those two vowels are used to replace each –other in the two main dialects,

 

Standard form	Tosk form	Gheg form	Translation
Shqipëri	Shqipëri	Shqypni/  Shqipni	Albania
një	një	nji / njâ/ njo	a/one
nëntë	nëntë	nândë/nant/non	nine
është	është	âsht /osht/ â	is
bëj	bëj	bâj/boj	do
emër	emër	êmën	name
pjekuri	pjekuri	pjekuni	maturity

 

 

The Albanian atë is very close to the primitive IE root at, not saying it is eventually the same.

 

English (4 entries.)	Shqip (4 hyrje.)
father	atë {m}, babë {f}, baba {m}
father’s name	atësi {f} (shumës atësia)

 

The word at in Albanian, derives from the interjection ta-ta ~ tat at of the child babble and easily can be considered onomatopeic. The same story is with the preffix pa which is viewed in some of the IE languages word beginning including Ancient Greek:

 

[IMG]http://i29.tinypic.com/fm6nth.jpg[/IMG]

 

The greek word is patër and includes the pa as well.

Like we said above, it is the child babble pa-pa-pa which determines the ‘birth’ of the word father.

The same thing we could say for ba-ba which is another synonim for father in Albanian language. 

Now let see how does the plural of AT is in Albanian

 

Standard form	Tosk form	Gheg form	Translation
Shqipëri	Shqipëri	Shqypni/  Shqipni	Albania
atë	atë	âtë	father
etër-atër	etër(atër)	etën	fathers

 

Fragment Albanian passport 1935

 

We explained above that nation or ethnos or patër (anc. Greek) is the people who are descended from a common father, or better saying common FATHERS, and it appears almost the same with the Albanian word etën with the only difference that we have  e/ë instead of h.

Now let explain why does occur this “”difference””.

 

In the old Attic alphabet Η or heta represented the h-sound. In the Ionic alphabet, the same symbol represented a vowel, eta, because the Ionic dialect had lost aspirations and had no need for heta. When the Ionic alphabet was adopted in Athens (2nd half of the 5th cent. B.C.E.), the h-sound was no longer represented in writing.

 

After this explanation is obvious that the “””greek””” word ethn(ΕΘΝ-ΟΣ) is eventually the Albanian word etën which  completely describes what ethnos means and why in albanian the homeland is called ATDHE which means AT(father) + DHE(land), The land of the father/fathers.

Inside the veins of Ancient Greeks flows the Albanian blood and vice-verca, the ethnos of the Helenes who spoke eventually the Pelasgian language are the Albanians today. The amnesia{Ἀμνησία~a-menja-zi(alb)-eshte mendja keq} is slowly fading out, because the Fathers are calling from antiquity: Do not forget the history. Do not forget us.

Ancient Greek or Albanian??

What  is the language used to write the following pages? The Greek? 

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Lets translate one of them:

32> E si perendoi Dielli e u err, prune te ai gjithe te semuret e dhe te dhamnshurit.

32> After the sunset and as soon as the darkness  fell, all the beloved and the sick people were brought to him.

Hemmm.

Albanian language and the PIE.

Where did Albanian language originate from?
The most accepted theory between the linguists that Albanian belongs to the IE languages which have a common origin: the Proto-IE language although the Albanian has all the specifics of a Pre-IE.
What is the PIE language (proto-Indo-European)?
The Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, spoken by the Proto-Indo-Europeans. The scientists go even further; they believe are capable to reconstruct the words of this language:
Ex:

eleutherian1623, from Gk. eleutherios “like a free man, noble-minded, frank, liberal,” lit. “freeing, delivering, releaser,” title of Zeus as protector of political freedom, from eleutheria “freedom,” from PIE *leu-dheros.The idea which most of European languages have the same ancestor looks right to me. The real problem begins when they say: from PIE *leu-dheros. This part is where the speculation begins. To reconstruct the primitive PIE form is simply impossible because no one knows the universal rules to go back to this hypothetical language. Further more words like this “*leu-dheros don’t show the characteristics of a primitive language with its monosyllabic appearance where the whole word consist in a short vowel (a, e, i, o, y) after or between respectively one or two (usually simple) consonants. What we see is a word built of diphthongs and complex consonants, semi-vowels etc. Contrary to expected sometime in these “proto-IE” words we can even notice consonant clusters which totally disagrees with the main idea of a monosyllabic-primitive language.
Is this PIE language the source for the Albanian too?
I would bring one example.
For the verb “ndjek”= follow, exists a synonym the verb “përzë” ex.: përzë dike me vrap, usually this word is used in the contexts: following smb for (intending) catching him/her. In Albanian the verb “përzë” is a formation of two other words: përzë(për+zë)=for+ catch. That means that this is not a loan from other languages but it is a word formed during the time within the Albanian language and not borrowed from other languages. It is formed from two other elementary Albanian words one of them is a verb itself (zë) which we don’t meet in other languages at all , making it a pure Albanian word. However, strangely the Albanian word “përzë” has a cognate in English “pursue” which has exactly the same meaning like in Albanian “follow smb intending to catch him/her”. It has been explained above that this verb in albanian is neither a borrowing from other IE languages nor descended from a “mother” PIE word .
How come this word is present in English language?
Did the Albanians invade England?
No.
Did the British invade Albania?
No.
Did both “përzë” and “pursue” come from the same PIE root?
No (explained above).
Did the word enter in English language through another IE language?
No
It has only two possible answers:
1. Albanian is the PIE itself.
2. Albanian is very close to the PIE
Most likely the first answer is wrong because it’s a lot of arguments against. The second answer is the only right possible because among other arguments is that of isolated and mountainous life of Albanian tribes who preserved their language in its archaic form better than any other race. Most of all the Albanian language better than any other language obeys this universal rule: The root of every primitive verb is a monosyllable, consisting of a short vowel between two (usually simple) consonants.
Examples: di, ha, pi, lë, rri, loz, kap, hap, marr, fus, shoh, gjuj, leh, rrah, bëj, kam, etc etc. As result these monosyllable albanian~PIE verbs is met in the words roots of every language starting from Ancient Greek finishing to English:

 

 

 

 

Few examples:

ENGLISH___________________ALBANIAN
Leave————————————lë
Clear————————————-çel
Fresh————————————fryj
Let————————————–le të
Know————————————njoh
See————————————–shoh, sy
Catch————————————kap
Ground———————————-grij
Call————————————–quj(quaj)

Being onomatopoeic some of the above verbs are the true roots of the selected English words. The same thing could be said for the ancient greek. There is no doubt that the root of: βίος —-lifeis the Albanian verb “mbij”=to sprout with its primitive form “bi” still alive in south dialects. From the same verb comes the Albanian place adverb “mbi”=over which explain very well where the life(usually a plant) appears after it sprouts.

Conclusion
The Albanian language takes a very special position among IE languages. Its position enjoys the privileges of a PIE language and could be used in many scientific jobs to avoid nonsense like this: PIE *leu-dheros .Another interesting thing is the development of two main independent dialects in the language. Gheg is a possible source of tosk but all indications are that this last one was split from the proto-IE itself before the other major Europian languages being split, meanwhile the gheg conserved all the characteristics of the PIE. It means that Gheg is older than Tosk but both are dialects of one unique language : the Albanian language. They represent gheg and tosk clans which in antiquity were called respectively: Illyrians and Epiriotes both the variations of the prehistoric race : the Albanians.